Writing and pronunciation

RULES

-ED

-ING

Adding -ing/-ed

Often we need to add -ing or -ed to a verb to make other forms of the verb, for example:
I was talking when John arrived.
Spelling Rule
Just add -ing or -ed to the end of the base verb:

• work > working > worked
• play > playing > played
• open > opening > opened

Exceptions

If the base verb ends in:	do this:	and add:	For example:
consonant + vowel + consonant and a stressed syllable	double the final consonant	-ing -ed	stop > stopping > stopped begin > beginning tap > tapping > tapped But, for example: open > opening > opened (because no stress on last syllable of open)
consonant + -e	remove the -e	-ing -ed	phone > phoning > phoned dance > dancing > danced make > making rake > raking > raked
-ie	change the -ie to -y	-ing	lie > lying die > dying
	nothing	-d	lie > lied die > died

http://www.englishclub.com/writing/spelling_add-ing.htm

-S/-ES

-Y

Spelling Rules - Words Ending in Y

On this page (http://donnayoung.org/english/spelling/end-y.htm) are rules for spelling words that end with the letter y along with examples of words that end in y

Change of y to i: Words ending in y preceded by a consonant, change the y to i and add es or ed.	Words: puppy - puppies army - armies supply - supplies sky - skies party - parties library - libraries rely - relies marry - marries theory - theories study - studies apply - applies
Words ending in y preceded by a vowel, just add s	Words: boy - boys toy - toys employ - employs valley - valleys delay - delays convey - conveys pray - prays stay - stays
Adding a suffix: Words ending in y before a consonant usually change the y to i before a suffix.	Words: happy - happiness beauty - beautiful busy - business mystery - mysterious luxury - luxurious fancy - fanciful envy - envious mercy - merciless ordinary - ordinarily vary - variance apply - appliance
But some verbs ending in y do not drop the y before ing	Words: study - studying hurry - hurrying relay - relaying pray - praying portray - portraying apply - applying